Preface to the First Edition
Preface
1 MODERN ENDODONTIC THERAPY
John I. Ingle, Leif K. Bakland, Edward E. Beveridge,
Dudley H. Glick, and Anthony E. Hoskinson
- RECENT ATTITUDES TOWARD DENTISTRY AND
ENDODONTIC THERAPY
- ENDODONTIC CASE PRESENTATION
- INDICATIONS
- Intentional Endodontics
- Considerations Prior to Endodontic Therapy
- Age and Health as Considerations
- Status of the Oral Condition
- ONE-APPOINTMENT THERAPY
- Advantages:
- Perceived Disadvantages:
- Postoperative Pain
- Success versus Failure
- “ENDODONTICS AND THE LAW”
- REFERRALS
- INFORMED CONSENT
2 HISTOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DENTAL PULP
David H. Pashley, Richard E.Walton, and Harold C. Slavkin
- FUNCTION
- INDUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DENTIN AND CEMENTUM
- ANATOMY
- Pulp Chamber
- Root Canal
- Foramina
- Accessory Canals
- HISTOLOGY
- Regions
- Structural Elements, Cellular
- PULP CHANGES WITH AGE
- Dimensional
- Structural
- “Regressive” Changes
- PULPAL RESPONSE TO INFLAMMATION
- PULPODENTINAL PHYSIOLOGY
- HISTOLOGY OF THE PERIRADICULAR REGION
3 MICROBIOLOGY OF ENDODONTICS AND ASEPSIS IN ENDODONTIC PRACTICE
J. Craig Baumgartner, Leif K. Bakland, and Eugene I. Sugita
- THEORY OF FOCAL INFECTION REVISITED
- ENDODONTIC INFECTIONS
- ASSOCIATION OF MICROBES WITH PULPAL DISEASE
- PULPAL INFECTION
- PULPAL PATHOGENESIS
- PERIRADICULAR INFECTIONS
- PERIADICULAR PATHOGENESIS
- TREATMENT OF ENDODONTIC
ABSCESSES/CELLULITIS
- PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS FOR MEDICALLY
COMPROMISED PATIENTS
- COLLECTION OF A MICROBIAL SAMPLE
- ROOT CANAL DÉBRIDEMENT AND
INTRACANAL MEDICATION
- Root Canal Débridement
- Intracanal Antisepsis
- ASEPSIS IN ENDODONTIC PRACTICE
- INFECTION CONTROL
- PATIENT EVALUATION
- CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENT
STERILIZATION
- STERILIZATION
- Steam Under Pressure—Autoclaving
- Chemical Vapor Sterilization—Chemclave
- Dry Heat Sterilization
- Preparation for Sterilization
- Verification
- DISINFECTION
- Glutaraldehyde Preparations
- Chlorine Dioxide
- Sodium Hypochlorite (Household Bleach)
- Iodophors
- Alcohols
- Quarternary Ammonium Compounds
- DISINFECTION TECHNIQUES
- BARRIER TECHNIQUES
- Gloves
- Hand Washing
- Face Masks
- Eyeglasses
- Clothing
- Procedural Barriers
- SHARP INSTRUMENTS
- IMMUNIZATION
- ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
AND MATERIALS
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
ADMINISTRATION
- CONCLUSION
4 PULPAL PATHOLOGY: ITS ETIOLOGY AND PREVENTION
John I. Ingle, James H. S. Simon, Richard E.Walton, David H. Pashley, Leif K. Bakland, Geoffrey S. Heithersay, and Harold R. Stanley
- BACTERIAL CAUSES
- Coronal Ingress
- Radicular Ingress
- TRAUMATIC CAUSES
- Acute Trauma
- Chronic Trauma
- IATRAL CAUSES
- Cavity Preparation
- Restoration
- Intentional Extirpation and Root Canal Filling
- Orthodontic Movement
- Periodontal Curettage
- Electrosurgery
- Laser Burn
- Periradicular Curettage
- Rhinoplasty
- Osteotomy
- Intubation for General Anesthesia
- CHEMICAL CAUSES
- Filling Materials
- Disinfectants
- Desiccants
- IDIOPATHIC CAUSES
- Aging
- Internal Resorption
- External Resorption
- Hereditary Hypophosphatemia
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Herpes Zoster Infection
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- THE FUTURE
- Prevention of Pulp Injury
- Summary
- PULPAL PATHOLOGY
- HARD TISSUE RESPONSE TO IRRITATION
- PULPITIS
- Reversible Pulpitis
- Irreversible Pulpitis
- Hyperplastic Pulpitis
- Necrosis
- Inflammatory Resorption
- PULPAL SEQUELAE TO IMPACT TRAUMA
5 PERIRADICULAR LESIONS
Mahmoud Torabinejad and Richard E.Walton
- PERIRADICULAR LESIONS OF PULPAL ORIGIN
- Irritants
- Microbial Irritants
- Periradicular Reaction to Irritation
- Mediators of Periradicular Lesions
- CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION OF PERIRADICULAR LESIONS
- APICAL PERIODONTITIS
- Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis
- Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis
- Condensing Osteitis
- APICAL ABSCESSES
- Symptomatic Apical Abscess
- Asymptomatic Apical Abscess
- REPAIR OF PERIRADICULAR LESIONS
- NONENDODONTIC PERIRADICULAR LESIONS
- Odontogenic Cysts
- Bone Pathology: Fibro-osseous Lesions
- Odontogenic Tumors
- Nonodontogenic Lesions
- Malignancies
6 ENDODONTIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
John I. Ingle, Geoffrey S. Heithersay, Gary R. Hartwell, Albert C. Goerig, F. James Marshall, Robert M. Krasny, Alfred L. Frank, and Cyril Gaum
- REQUIREMENTS OF A DIAGNOSTICIAN
- Knowledge
- Interest
- Intuition
- Curiosity
- Patience
- Senses
- HISTORY
- Present Dental Illness
- Medical History
- CLINICAL EXAMINATION
- Vital signs
- Extraoral Examination
- Intraoral Examination
- Pulpal Evaluation
- Clinical Endodontic Tests
- The Stressed Pulp
- Periodontal Evaluation
- FACTORS INFLUENCING PROGNOSIS
- Periodontal Disease
- Restorability
- RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
- Interpretation
- Root Anatomy
- Conditions Inside the Tooth
- Conditions Outside the Tooth
- Radiographic Diagnosis: Periradicular Lesions
- Importance of Endodontic Radiography
- DIAGNOSTIC PERPLEXITIES
- Sinus Tract
- Numbness
- Persistent Discomfort
- Cracked Tooth Syndrome
- Bizarre Radiographic Appearances
- Idiopathic Tooth Resorption
- Treatment Failures
7 DIFFERENTIAL DAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL PAIN
John I. Ingle and Dudley H. Glick
- REQUIREMENTS OF A DIAGNOSTICIAN
- HISTORY, EXAMINATION, DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, AND CONSULTATIONS
- PULP PAIN
- Hyperreactive Pulpalgia
- Dentinal Hypersensitivity
- Hyperemia
- Examination
- Treatment
- Acute Pulpalgia
- Chronic Pulpalgia
- POSTOPERATIVE PAIN: INCIDENCE, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT
- PREOPERATIVE THERAPY
- PERIRADICULAR PAIN
- Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis
- PERIODONTAL LESION PAIN
- Acute Gingival or Periodontal Abscess
- Pericoronitis
- REFERRED PAIN
- EXTRAORAL PAIN
- Atypical Toothache
- Salivary Gland Disorder
- Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Thrombosis, Angina Pectoris and Thyroid Disease
- CONCLUSION
8 NONODONTOGENIC TOOTHACHE AND CHRONIC HEAD AND NECK PAINS
Bernadette Jaeger
- WHAT IS PAIN?
- NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
- Acute Pain Pathways
- Referred Pain
- Trigeminal System
- Chronic Pain
- PAIN ASSESSMENT TOOLS
- Quantifying the Pain Experience
- Psychological Assessment
- MAKING A DIAGNOSIS
- Classification
- History
- Physical Examination
- Diagnostic Studies
- "Psyhogenic Pain"
- SPECIFICS FOR EACH BROAD CATEGORY OF PAIN ORIGIN
- Extracranial Pathosis
- Referred Pain from Remote Pathologic Sites
- INTRACRANIAL PATHOSIS
- NEUROVASCULAR PAINS
- Migraine
- Cluster Headache and Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania
- Miscellaneous Headaches Unassociated with Structural Lesion
- Headaches Associated with Vascular Disorders
- Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis)
- Hypertension
- Headache Associated with Substances or Their Withdrawal and Headache Associated with Metabolic Disorders
- NEUROPATHIC PAINS
- Paroxysmal Neuralgias
- Continuous Neuralgias
- CAUSALGIC PAINS
- Symptoms
- Etiology
- Examination
- Diagnostic Tests
- Treatment
- MUSCULAR PAINS
- Myospasm
- Myositis
- Local Myalgia - Unclassified
- Myosfascial Pain
- UNCLASSIFIABLE PAINS / ATYPICAL FACIAL PAINS
- Atypical Odontalgia
- Burning Mouth Syndrome
- CONCLUSION
9 PREPARATION FOR ENDODONTIC TREATMENT
John I. Ingle, Richard E.Walton, Stanley F. Malamed, Jeffrey M. Coil, John A. Khademi, Frederick H. Kahn, Barnet B. Shulman, James K. Bahcall, and Joseph T. Barss
- ENDODONTIC RADIOGRAPHY
- Application of Radiography to Endodontics
- Limitations of Radiographs
- INSTRUMENTATION
- Systems
- Traditional Machines
- Direct Digital Radiography
- Digital Radiographic Technique for Endodontics
- FUTURE TRENDS
- Buyer's Guide
- Digital Subtraction Radiography
- Tomography
- RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION
- VISUAL ENHANCEMENT
- Endoscopy
- Future Possibilities
- SPECIALIZED ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT
- Sterilized Towel Kit
- Handpieces
- Endodontic Instrument Case
- PAIN CONTROL IN ENDODONTICS
- Local Anesthesic Techniques
- Mandibular Anesthesia
- Maxillary Anesthesia
- Mandibular Techniques
- Maxillary Techniques
- Supplemental Injection Techniques
- Summary
- ENDODONTIC PRETREATMENT
- Periodontal Therapy
- Copper Bands
- Orthodontic Bands
- Temporary Crowns and Restorations
- RUBBER DAM APPLICATION
- Equipment
- Technique for Application
- Preparation of Rubber Dam Application Using a Single-Bowed Clamp
- Preparation of Rubber Dam Application Using a Double-Bowed Clamp
- Removal of Dam
- Circumstances Requiring Variations from the Usual Application
- SUMMARY
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11 OBTURATION OF THE RADICULAR SPACE
John I. Ingle, Carl W. Newton, John D.West, James L. Gutmann, Gerald N. Glickman,
Barry H. Korzon, and Howard Martin
- OBJECTIVES
- EXTENSION OF THE ROOT CANAL FILLING
- WHEN TO OBTURATE THE CANAL
- MATERIALS USED IN OBTURATION
- Solid-Core Materials
- Gutta-percha
- Configuration
- Silver
- Sealers
- Cements, Plastics and Pastes
- Cements
- Plastics and Resins
- Experimental Sealers
- Problems
- Calcium Phosphate Obturation
- Sealer Efficacy
- Tissue Tolerance of Root Canal Sealers, Cements and Pastes
- PREPARATION FOR OBTURATION
- METHODS OF OBTURATING THE ROOT CANAL SPACE
- Lateral Compaction of Cold Gutta-percha
- Nickel-Titanium Spreaders
- Vertical Compaction of Warm Gutta-percha
- Step-by-Step Procedure of Vertical Compaction of Warm Gutta-pecha
- System B: Continuous Wave of Obturation
- SOLID CORE CARRIER: MANUAL INSERTION
- Thermafil, Densfil, Sof-Core, and Three Dee GP
- THERMAFIL SAFETY
- APICAL THIRD FILLING
- SimpliFill Obturation Technique
- DOWEL OR POST PREPARATION: POSSIBLE LEAKAGE
- REMOVAL OF DEFECTIVE ROOT CANAL FILLINGS AND OBJECTS AND RE-TREATMENT
- TEMPORARY CORONAL FILLING MATERIALS
- FINAL CORONAL RESTORATION: MICROLEAKAGE
- A NEW ENDODONTIC PARADIGM
- SUMMARY
12 ENDODONTIC SURGERY
Steven G. Morrow and Richard A. Rubinstein
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- CURRENT APPLICATION
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- CLASSIFICATION OF ENDODONTIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES
- SURGICAL DRAINAGE
- Incision Drainage
- Cortical Trephination
- PERIAPICAL SURGERY
- Anestesia y Hemostasis
- Soft-Tissue Management
- Hard-Tissue Management
- Periradicular Curettage
- Root-End Resection
- Root-End Preparation
- Root-End Filling
- Soft-Tissue Repositioning and Suturing
- Postsurgical Care
- Corrective Surgery
- INDICATIONS FOR ROOT AMPUTATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR ROOT AMPUTATIONS
- REPLACEMENT SURGERY (EXTRACTION / REPLANTATION)
- Indications
- Rationale and Outcome
- Steps in Extraction / Replantation
- IMPLANT SURGERY
- Endodontic Implants
- Root-Form Osseointegrated Implants
- MICROSURGERY
13 OUTCOME OF ENDODONTIC TREATMENT AND RE-TREATMENT
John I. Ingle, James H. Simon, Pierre Machtou, and Patrick Bogaerts
- The Washington Study
- MICROBES
- FOREIGN BODIES
- EPITHELIUM
- PROGNOSIS
- SUCCESSFUL RE-TREATMENT
- CANAL MEDICATION
- OBTURATION AND RESTORATION
14 ENDODONTIC MISHAPS: THEIR DETECTION, CORRECTION, AND PREVENTION
Robert J. Frank
- ACCESS-RELATED MISHAPS
- Missed canals
- Damage to Existing Restoration
- Access Cavity Perforation
- Crown Fractures
- Ledge Formation
- Perforation
- Cervical Canal Perforation
- Midroot Perforation
- Apical Perforations
- Separated Instruments and Foreign Objects
- Canal Blockage
- OBTURATION-RELATED MISHAPS
- Over or Underextended Root Canal Fillings
- Nerve Paresthesia
- Vertical Root Fractures
- MISCELLANEOUS
- Post Space Perforation
- Irrigant-Related Mishaps
- Tissue Emphysema
- Instrument Aspiration and Ingestion
15 ENDODONTIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DENTAL TRAUMA
Leif K. Bakland
- ETIOLOGY AND INCIDENCE
- CLASSIFICATION
- EXAMINATION
- History
- Chief Complaint
- History of Present Illness (Injury)
- Medical History
- Clinical Examination
- Soft Tissues
- Facial Bones
- Teeth
- Tooth Fracture
- Mobility
- Displacement
- Injury to Periodontal Ligament and Alveolus
- Pulpal Trauma
- Radiographic Examination
- Follow-up Evaluation
- Examination of Old Injuries
- TRAUMATIC INJURIES
- Soft Tissue Injuries
- Tooth Fractures
- Enamel Fractures
- Crown Fractures Uncomplicated (No Pulp Exposure)
- Crown Fractures Complicated (With Pulp Exposure)
- Crown Root Fractures
- Root Fractures
- Luxation Injuries
- Concussion
- Subluxation
- Extrusive Luxation
- Lateral Luxation
- Intrusive Luxation
- Tooth Avulsion
- Facial Skeletal Injuries
- Temporomandibular Joint
16 TOOTH DISCOLORATION AND BLEACHING
Ilan Rotstein
- PATIENT RELATED CAUSES
- Pulp Necrosis
- Intrapulpal Hemorrhage
- Dentin Hypercalcification
- Age
- TOOTH FORMATION DEFECTS
- Developmental Defects
- Drug Related Defects
- DENTIST RELATED CAUSES
- Endodontically Related
- Restoration Related
- BLEACHING MATERIALS
- BLEACHING MECHANISM
- BLEACHING TECHNIQUES FOR ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH
- Walking bleach
- Thermocatalytic
- Ultraviolet Photo Oxidation
- Intentional Endodontics and Intracoronal Bleaching
- Complications and Adverse Effects to Bleaching
- Suggestions for Safer Bleaching of Endodontically Treated Teeth
- Post Bleaching Tooth Restoration
- VITAL BLEACHING TECHNIQUES
- Thermo Photo Bleaching
- Laser Activated Bleaching
- Mouthguard Bleaching
17 PEDIATRIC ENDODONTICS
Clifton O. Dummett Jr and Hugh M. Kopel
- PULP MORPHOLOGY
- Anatomic Differences Between Primary and Permanent Teeth
- Hitologic Considerations
- MANAGEMENT OF DEEP CARIOUS LESIONS AND PULP INFLAMMATION IN PRIMARY AND YOUNG PERMANENT TEETH
- INDIRECT PULP CAPPING
- Historical Review
- Rationale
- Response to Treatment
- Procedures for Indirect Pulp Capping
- DIRECT PULP CAPPING
- Case Selection
- Clinical Success
- Treatment Consideration
- Alternative Agents to Calcium Hydroxide Suggested for Direct Pulp Capping in Primary and Permanent Teeth
- PULPOTOMY
- Formocresol Pulpotomy
- Formocresol Pulpotomy Technique in Primary Teeth
- PULPOTOMY FOR YOUNG PERMANENT TEETH
- Formocresol
- Calcium Hydroxide
- Calcium Hydroxide Pulpotomy Outcomes in Primary Teeth
- Permanent Tooth Pulpotomy: Indications and Contraindications
- ALTERNATIVES TO FORMOCRESOL IN PRIMARY TEETH
- Glutaraldehyde
- Astringents
- Cell-Inductive Agents
- Nonpharmacotherapeutic Pulpotomy Techniques: Controlled Energy
- NONVITAL PULP THERAPY IN PRIMARY TEETH: PULPECTOMY
- Historical Perspective
- Alternative Pulpectomy Canal Obturants
- Treatment Considerations
- Clinical Procedures: Partial Pulpectomy
- Clinic Procedures: Complete Pulpectomy
- Clinical Variation: Pulpotomy for Nonvital Primary Teeth
- Pulpectomy Outcomes
- SUMMARY
18 PHARMACOLOGY FOR ENDODONTICS.
Paul D. Eleazer
- INFECTION CONTROL
- ANTIBIOTICS
- CLASSIFICATION
- Allergies
- Resistance
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Metranidazole
- Fluoroquinolones
- Macrolides
- Clindamycin
- Tetracyclines
- Sulfa Drugs
- Caveats
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- PAIN CONTROL
- ANXIETY REDUCTION
19 RESTORATION OF THE ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TOOTH
Charles J. Goodacre and Joseph Y. K. Kan
- SHOULD CROWNS BE PLACED ON ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH?
- WITH PULPLESS TEETH DO POST IMPROVE LONG TERM CLINICAL PROGNOSIS OR ENHANCE STRENGTH?
- Laboratory Data
- Clinical Data
- Purpose of Posts
- Conclusions
- WHAT IS THE CLINICAL FAILURE RATE OF POSTS AND CORES?
- WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF POST AND CORE FAILURES?
- WHICH POST DESIGN PRODUCES THE GREATEST RETENTION?
- Laboratory Data
- Clinical Data
- Conclusions
- IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POST FORM AND THE POTENTIAL FOR ROOT FRACTURES?
- Laboratory Data
- Clinical Data
- Conclusions
- WHAT IS THE PROPER LENGTH FOR A POST?
- HOW MUCH GUTTA-PERCHA SHOULD BE RETAINED TO PRESERVE APICAL SEAL?
- DOES POST DIAMETER AFFECT RETENTION AND THE POTENTIAL FOR TOOTH FRACTURE?
- WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POST DIAMETER AND THE POTENTIAL FOR ROOT PERFORATIONS?
- CAN GUTTA-PERCHA BE REMOVED IMMEDIATELY AFTER ENDODONTIC TREATMENT AND A POST SPACE PREPARED?
- WHAT INSTRUMENTS REMOVE GUTTA-PERCHA WITHOUT DISTURBING THE APICAL SEAL?
- CAN A PORTION OF A SILVER POINT BE REMOVED AND STILL MANTEIN THE APICAL SEAL?
- DOES THE USE OF A CERVICAL FERRULE (CIRCUNFERENCIAL BAND OF METAL) THAT ENGAGES TOOTH STRUCTURE HELP PREVENT TOOTH FRACTURE?
- POST AND CORE PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES
- Pretreatment Data Review
- Post Length
- Post diameter
- Anatomic Structural Limitations
- Craze Lines
- Dentin Thickness After Endodontic Treatment
- Root Curvature
- Type of Post Core
- Root Selection in Multirooted Teeth
- Type of Definitive Restoration
- TECHNICAL PROCEDURES
- Coronal Tooth Preparation
- Pulp Chamber Preparation
- Root Canal Preparation
- Prefabricated Cemented or Bonded Post Restorative Material Core
- Prefabricated Threaded Post Resorative Material Core
- Custom Cast Post and Core
- Direct Procedure
- Indirect Procedure
- PREPARATION FOR OVERDENTURES
- Indications and Advantages
- Contraindications
- Abutment Tooth Selection
- Abutment Tooth Location
- Technique
- Problems
- Possible Solutions to the Problems
Index
Product Index
Author Index |
