Abstract

The Editorial Board of the Journal of Endodontics has developed a literature-based study guide of topical areas related to endodontics. This study guide is intended to give the reader a focused review of the essential endodontic literature and does not cite all possible articles related to each topic. Although citing all articles would be comprehensive, it would defeat the idea of a study guide. This section will present the topical areas of microorganisms involved in primary infection; microorganisms involved with failing endodontics, culturing, bacteremia, and endodontics; leaving teeth open; antibiotics; actinomycosis; sterilization of instruments and sterilization of gutta-percha, microorganisms in periradicular lesions; biofilms; and fungi, viruses, and prions.

Microorganisms Involved With Primary Infections

1. S. Kakehashi, H.R. Stanley and R.J. Fitzgerald, The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 20 (1965), pp. 340–349. Abstract | Article | PDF (7946 K) |
2. W.C. Wittgow Jr and C.B. Sabiston Jr, Microorganisms from pulpal chambers of intact teeth with necrotic pulps, J Endod 1 (1975), pp. 168–171. Abstract | PDF (320 K) |
3. G. Sundqvist, Bacteriological studies of necrotic dental pulps (1976) Umea University Odontological Dissertations, No. 7, Sweden.
4. K. Keudell, M. Conte, L. Fujimoto, M. Ernest and H.G. Berry, Microorganisms isolated from pulp chambers, J Endod 2 (1976), pp. 146–148. Abstract | PDF (902 K) |
5. R.J. Matusow, Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome: I. Clinical study of bacterial isolates from pulps and exudates of intact teeth, with description of a specific culture technique, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 48 (1979), pp. 70–76. Abstract | Article | PDF (918 K) |
6. M.B. Griffee, S.S. Patterson, C.H. Miller, A.H. Kafrawy and C.W. Newton, The relationship of Bacteroides melaninogenicus to symptoms associated with pulpal necrosis, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 50 (1980), pp. 457–461. Abstract | PDF (565 K)
7. R.J. Matusow, Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome: II. Clinical assessment of antibiotic effectiveness against microbes isolated from intact teeth, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 52 (1981), pp. 187–196. Abstract | Article | PDF (2637 K) |
8. A.J.R. Moller, L. Fabricius, G. Dahlen, A.E. Ohman and G. Heyden, Influence of periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys, Scand J Dent Res 89 (1981), pp. 475–484. Full Text via CrossRef |
9. D.R. Morse, Endodontic microbiology in the 1970s, Int Endod J 14 (1981), pp. 69–79. Full Text via CrossRef
10. M.B. Griffee, S.S. Patterson, C.H. Miller, A.H. Kafrawy and J.J. de Obarrio, Bacteroides melaninogenicus and dental infections: Some questions and some answers, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 54 (1982), pp. 486–489. Abstract | Article | PDF (463 K) ||
11. R.J. Matusow and L.B. Goodall, Anaerobic isolates in primary pulpal-alveolar cellulitis cases: endodontic resolutions and drug therapy considerations, J Endod 9 (1983), pp. 535–543. Abstract | PDF (3384 K) |
12. B. Schein, Microbiological considerations in selecting a drug for endodontic abscesses, J Endod 12 (1986), pp. 570–572. Abstract | PDF (284 K) |
13. M. Yoshida, H. Fukushima, K. Yamamoto, K. Ogawa, T. Toda and H. Sagawa, Correlation between clinical symptoms and microorganisms isolated from root canals of teeth with periapical pathosis, J Endod 13 (1987), pp. 24–28. Abstract | PDF (386 K) |
14. P.A. Farber and S. Seltzer, Endodontic microbiology: I. Etiology, J Endod 14 (1988), pp. 363–371. Abstract | PDF (1107 K) |
15. G. Sundqvist, E. Johansson and U. Sjogren, Prevalence of black-pigmented Bacteroides species in root canal infections, J Endod 15 (1989), pp. 13–19. Abstract | PDF (610 K) |
16. H.N. Shah and D.M. Collins, Prevotella, a new genus to include Bacteroides melaninogenicus and related species formerly classified in the genus Bacteroides, Int J Syst Bacteriol 40 (1990), pp. 205–208.
17. O. Molven, I. Olsen and K. Kerekes, Scanning electron microscopy of bacteria in the apical part of root canals in permanent teeth with periapical lesions, Endod Dent Traumatol 7 (1991), pp. 226–229. Full Text via CrossRef |
18. J.C. Baumgartner and W.A. Falkler Jr, Bacteria in the apical 5 mm of infected root canals, J Endod 17 (1991), pp. 380–383.
19. G. Sundqvist, Ecology of the root canal flora, J Endod 18 (1992), pp. 427–430. Abstract | PDF (465 K)
20. G. Sundqvist, Taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of the root canal flora, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 78 (1994), pp. 522–530. Abstract | Article | PDF (4575 K) |(122)
21. W.J. Dougherty, K.S. Bae, B.J. Watkins and J.C. Baumgartner, Black-pigmented bacteria in coronal and apical segments of infected root canals, J Endod 24 (1998), pp. 356–358. Abstract | PDF (321 K) |
22. J.C. Baumgartner, B. Watkins, K.S. Bae and T. Xia, Association of black-pigmented bacteria with endodontic infections, J Endod 25 (1999), pp. 413–415. Abstract | PDF (305 K) |
23. J.F. Siqueira Jr, Endodontic infections: concepts, paradigms, and perspectives, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radio Endod 94 (2002), pp. 281–293. Abstract | PDF (117 K) |
24. J.F. Siqueira Jr, Taxonomic changes of bacteria associated with endodontic infections, J Endod 29 (2003), pp. 619–623. Article | PDF (123 K) |
25. G. Sundqvst and D. Figdor, Life as an endodontic pathogen: Ecological differences between the untreated and root-filled root canals, Endod Topics 6 (2003), pp. 3–28.
26. L. Tronstad and P.T. Sunde, The evolving new understanding of endodontic infections, Endod Topics 6 (2003), pp. 57–77. Full Text via CrossRef
27. U.R. Dahle, P.T. Sunde and L. Tronstad, Treponemes and endodontic infections, Endod Topics 6 (2003), pp. 160–170. Full Text via CrossRef
28. I. Olsen and G. Dahlen, Salient virulence factors in anaerobic bacteria, with emphasis on the importance in endodontic infections, Endod Topics 9 (2004), pp. 15–26. Full Text via CrossRef
29. C. Sedgely and D.B. Clewell, Bacterial plasmids in the oral and endodontic microflora, Endod Topics 9 (2004), pp. 37–51.
30. J.C. Baumgartner, Microbiological and molecular analysis of endodontic infections, Endod Topics 7 (2004), pp. 35–51. Full Text via CrossRef
31. J.F. Siqueira, I.N. Rocas, F.R.F. Alves and K.R.N. Santos, Selected endodontic pathogens in the apical third of infected root canals: a molecular investigation, J Endod 30 (2004), pp. 638–643. Article | PDF (243 K) |
32. L.E. Chavez de Paz, A. Molander and G. Dahlen, Gram-positive rods prevailing in teeth with apical periodontitis undergoing root canal treatment, Int Endod J 37 (2004), pp. 579–587. Full Text via CrossRe
33. L.M. Lin, P.M. Di Fiore, J. Lin and P.A. Rosenberg, Histological study of periradicular tissue responses to uninfected and infected devitalized pulps in dogs, J Endod 32 (2006), pp. 34–38. Article | PDF (232 K) |
34. M. Sakamoto, I.N. Rocas, J.F. Siqueira Jr. and Y. Benno, Molecular analysis of bacteria in asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections, Oral Microbiol Immunol 21 (2006), pp. 112–122. Full Text via CrossRef

Microorganisms Involved With Failing Endodontics

1. A. Molander, C. Reit, G. Dahlen and T. Kvist, Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis, Int Endod J 31 (1998), pp. 1–7. Full Text via CrossRef |
2. G. Sundqvist, D. Figdor, S. Persson and U. Sjogren, Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85 (1998), pp. 86–93. Article | PDF (1906 K) |
3. H.H. Hancock III, A. Sigurdsson, M. Trope and J. Moiseiwitsch, Bacteria isolated after unsuccessful endodontic treatment in a North American population, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 91 (2001), pp. 579–586. Abstract | PDF (92 K) |
4. R.M. Love, Enterococcus faecalis—a mechanism for its role in endodontic failure, Int Endod J 34 (2001), pp. 399–405. Full Text via CrossRef |
5. E.T. Pinheiro, B.P. Gomes, C.C. Ferraz, E.L. Sousa, F.B. Teixeira and F.J. Souza-Filho, Microorganisms from canals of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions, Int Endod J 36 (2003), pp. 1–11. Full Text via CrossRef |
6. M. Haapasalo, T. Udnes and U. Endal, Persistent, recurrent, and acquired infection of the root canal system post-treatment, Endod Topics 6 (2003), pp. 29–56. Full Text via CrossRef
7. I. Portenier, T.M.T. Waltimo and M. Haapasalo, Enterococcus faecalis—the root canal survivor and ‘star’ in post-treatment disease, Endod Topics 6 (2003), pp. 135–159. Full Text via CrossRef
8. I.N. Rocas, J.F. Siqueira Jr and K.R. Santos, Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases, J Endod 30 (2004), pp. 315–320. Article | PDF (177 K) | Full Text via CrossRef |
9. B. Kaufman, L. Spangberg, J. Barry and A.F. Fouad, Enterococcus Spp. in endodontically treated teeth with and without periradicular lesions, J Endod 31 (2005), pp. 851–856. Article | PDF (245 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
10. C.H. Stuart, S.A. Schwartz, T.J. Beeson and C.B. Owatz, Enterococcus faecalis: Its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment, J Endod 32 (2006), pp. 93–98. Article | PDF (172 K)

Culturing

1. B.J. Zeldow and J.I. Ingle, Correlation of the positive culture to the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth: a clinical study, J Am Dent Assoc 66 (1963), pp. 9–13.
2. S. Seltzer, S. Turkenkopf, A. Vito, D. Green and I.B. Bender, A histologic evaluation of periapical repair following positive and negative root canal cultures, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 17 (1964), pp. 507–532. Abstract | Article | PDF (15859 K) |
3. I.B. Bender, S. Seltzer and S. Turkenkopf, To culture or not to culture?, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 18 (1964), pp. 527–540. Abstract | Article | PDF (1041 K) |
4. D.R. Morse, The endodontic culture technique: a critical evaluation, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 30 (1970), pp. 540–544. Abstract | Article | PDF (426 K) |
5. C.O. Eggink, The value of the bacteriological culture in endodontics: I. The influence of infection during and after treatment, Int Endod J 15 (1982), pp. 79–86. Full Text via CrossRef
6. E.E. Stobberingh and C.O. Eggink, The value of the bacteriological culture in endodontics: II. The bacteriological flora of endodontic specimens, Int Endod J 15 (1982), pp. 87–93. Full Text via CrossRef
7. C. Sathorn, P. Parashos and H.H. Messer, How useful is root canal culturing in predicting treatment outcome?, J Endod 33 (2007), pp. 220–225. Article | PDF (115 K)

Bacteremia and Endodontics

1. I.B. Bender, S. Seltzer and M. Yermish, The incidence of bacteremia in endodontic manipulation: preliminary report, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 13 (1960), pp. 353–360. Abstract | Article | PDF (575 K)
2. L. Eisenbud, Subacute bacterial endocarditis precipitated by non-surgical dental procedures: Report of two cases, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 15 (1962), pp. 624–627. Abstract | Article | PDF (1102 K)
3. I.B. Bender, S. Seltzer, S. Tashman and G. Meloff, Dental procedures in patients with rheumatic heart disease, Oral Surg 16 (1963), pp. 466–473. Abstract | Article | PDF (610 K)
4. J.C. Baumgartner, J.P. Heggers and J.W. Harrison, The incidence of bacteremias related to endodontic procedures: I. Nonsurgical endodontics, J Endod 2 (1976), pp. 135–140. Abstract | PDF (2469 K
5. J.C. Baumgartner, J.P. Heggers and J.W. Harrison, Incidence of bacteremias related to endodontic procedures: II Surgical endodontics, J Endod 3 (1977), pp. 399–402. Abstract | PDF (427 K)
6. I.B. Bender, I.J. Naidorf and G.J. Garvey, Bacterial endocarditis: a consideration for physician and dentist, J Am Dent Assoc 109 (1984), pp. 415–420
7. I.B. Bender and S. Montgomery, Nonsurgical endodontic procedures for the patient at risk for infective endocarditis and other systemic disorders, J Endod 12 (1986), pp. 400–407. Abstract | PDF (903 K)
8. E. Leviner, A.A. Tzukert, R. Benoliel, O. Baram and M.N. Sela, Development of resistant oral viridans streptococci after administration of prophylactic antibiotics: time management in the dental treatment of patients susceptible to infective endocarditis, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 64 (1987), pp. 417–420. Abstract | Article | PDF (376 K)
9. R.C. King, J.J. Crawford and E.W. Small, Bacteremia following intraoral suture removal, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 65 (1988), pp. 23–28. Abstract | Article | PDF (540 K)
10. G.A. Cioffi, G.T. Terezhalmy and G.M. Taybos, Total joint replacement: a consideration for antimicrobial prophylaxis, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 66 (1988), pp. 124–129. Abstract | Article | PDF (656 K)
11. I.B. Bender and M.J. Barkan, Dental bacteremia and its relationship to bacterial endocarditis: preventive measures, Compendium 10 (1989), pp. 472–482
12. J.P. Nelson, R.H. Fitzgerald, M.T. Jaspers and J.W. Little, Prophylactic antimicrobial coverage in arthroplasty patients, J Bone Joint Surg Am 72 (1990), p. 1. Full Text via CrossRef
13. J.A. Giglio, R.W. Rowland, H.P. Dalton and D.M. Laskin, Suture removal-induced bacteremia: a possible endocarditis risk, J Am Dent Assoc 123 (1992), pp. 65–70.
14. M.J. Wahl and P.T. Wahl, Prevention of infective endocarditis: an update for clinicians, Quintessence Inter 24 (1993), pp. 171–175
15. M.K. Shrout, F. Scarbrough and B.J. Powell, Dental care and the prosthetic joint patient: a survey of orthopedic surgeons and general dentists, J Am Dent Assoc 125 (1994), pp. 429–436.
16. G.J. Debelian, I. Olsen and L. Tronstad, Bacteremia in conjunction with endodontic therapy, Endod Dent Traumatol 11 (1995), pp. 142–149. Full Text via CrossRef
17. A.R. Brown, C.J. Papasian, P. Shultz, F.C. Theisen and R.E. Shultz, Bacteremia and intraoral suture removal: can an antimicrobial rinse help?, J Am Dent Assoc 129 (1998), pp. 1455–1461
18. C.S. Miller, R.M. Egan, D.A. Falace, M.K. Rayens and C.R. Moore, Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, J Am Dent Assoc 130 (1999), pp. 387–391.
19. American Dental Association, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Advisory Statement: Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements, J Am Dent Assoc 134 (2003), pp. 895–898
20. W. Wilson, K.A. Taubert and M. Gewitz et al., Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association, J Am Dent Assoc 138 (2007), pp. 739–76

 

Leaving Teeth Open

1. F.S. Weine, H.J. Healey and E.P. Theiss, Endodontic emergency dilemma: leave tooth open or keep it closed?, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 40 (1975), pp. 531–536. Abstract | PDF (461 K)
2. D.S. August, Managing the abscessed tooth: instrument and close?, J Endod 3 (1977), pp. 316–319.
3. R. Bence, R.D. Meyers and R.V. Knoff, Evaluation of 5,000 endodontic treatments: incidence of the opened tooth, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 49 (1980), pp. 82–84. Abstract | Article | PDF (247 K)
4. D.S. August, Managing the abscessed open tooth: instrument and close—part 2, J Endod 8 (1982), pp. 364–366. Abstract | PDF (493 K) |
5. J.O. Torres, M. Torabinejad, R.A. Matiz and E.G. Mantilla, Presence of secretory IgA in human periapical lesions, J Endod 20 (1994), pp. 87–89. Abstract | PDF (264 K) |
6. L.S. Tjaderhane, U.H. Pajari, R.H. Ahola, T.K. Backman, E.L. Hietala and M.A. Larmas, Leaving the pulp chamber open for drainage has no effect on the complications of root canal therapy, Int Endod J 28 (1995), pp. 82–85. Full Text via CrossRef

Antibiotics

1. E.H. Montgomery and D.C. Kroeger, Principles of anti-infective therapy, Dent Clin North Am 28 (1984), pp. 423–432.
2. E.H. Montgomery and D.C. Kroeger, Use of antibiotics in dental practice, Dent Clin North Am 28 (1984), pp. 433–453.
3. R. Bainton, Interaction between antibiotic therapy and contraceptive medication, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 61 (1986), pp. 453–455. Abstract | PDF (239 K)
4. A.K. Olson, E.M. Edington, J.C. Kulild and R.N. Weller, Update on antibiotics for the endodontic practice, Compendium 11 (1990), pp. 328–332
5. E.V. Hersh, Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: interactions involving antibiotics: Part II of a series, J Am Dent Assoc 130 (1999), pp. 236–251.
6. ADA Council on Scientific Affairs, Antibiotic interference with oral contraceptives, Am Dent Assoc 133 (2002), p. 880.
7. J.C. Baumgartner and T. Xia, Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria associated with endodontic abscesses, J Endod 29 (2003), pp. 44–47. Article | PDF (117 K) | Full Text via CrossRef

Actinomycosis

1. R.K. Wesley, T.P. Osborn and J.J. Dylewski, Periapical actinomycosis: clinical considerations, J Endod 3 (1977), pp. 352–355. Abstract | PDF (671 K)
2. S. Oppenheimer, G.S. Miller, K. Knopf and H. Blechman, Periapical actinomycosis: An unusual case report, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 46 (1978), pp. 101–106. Abstract | Article | PDF (5231 K)
3. G. Sundqvist and C.O. Reuterving, Isolation of Actinomyces israelii from periapical lesion, J Endod 6 (1980), pp. 602–606. Abstract | PDF (502 K)
4. E. Borssen and G. Sundqvist, Actinomyces of infected dental root canals, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 51 (1981), pp. 643–648. Abstract | PDF (508 K)
5. R.P. Happonen, Periapical actinomycosis: a follow-up study of 16 surgically treated cases, Endod Dent Traumatol 2 (1986), pp. 205–209. Full Text via CrossRef
6. S. Kalfas, D. Figdor and G. Sundqvist, A new bacterial species associated with failed endodontic treatment: Identification and description of Actinomyces radicidentis, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 92 (2001), pp. 208–214. Article | PDF (182 K)
7. J.R. Rush, H.R. Sulte, D.M. Cohen and H. Makkawy, Course of infection and case outcome in individuals diagnosed with microbial colonies morphologically consistent with Actinomyces species, J Endod 28 (2002), pp. 613–618. Article | PDF (450 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
8. T. Xia and J.C. Baumgartner, Occurrence of Actinomyces in infections of endodontic origin, J Endod 29 (2003), pp. 549–552. Article | PDF (704 K) | Full Text via CrossRe
9. J.F. Siqueira, Periapical actinomycosis and infection with Propionibacterium Propionicum, Endod Topics 6 (2003), pp. 78–95. Full Text via CrossRef
10. A. Hirshbert, I. Tsesis, Z. Metzger and I. Kaplan, Periapical actinomycososis: a clinicopathologic study, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radio Endod 95 (2003), pp. 614–620.
11. D.W. LeCorn, J.F. Vertucci, M.F. Rojas, A. Progulske-Fox and M. Belanger, In vitro activity of amoxicillin, clindamycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, and moxifloxicin against oral actinomyces, J Endod 33 (2007), pp. 557–560. Article | PDF (138 K)

Sterilization of Instruments and Core Obturating Materials

1. E.S. Senia, R.V. Marraro, J.L. Mitchell, A.G. Lewis and L. Thomas, Rapid sterilization of gutta-percha cones with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, J Endod 1 (1975), pp. 136–140. Abstract PDF (378 K) |
2. E.S. Senia, R.V. Marraro and J.L. Mitchell, Cold sterilization of gutta-percha cones with formocresol vapors, J Am Dent Assoc 94 (1977), pp. 887–890
3. R.J. Frank and G.B. Pelleu Jr, Glutaraldehyde decontamination of gutta-percha cones, J Endod 9 (1983), pp. 368–371.
4. M.O. Ludkow and K.P. Hermsen, Rapid sterilization of gutta-percha points after chairside contamination, Quintessence Int 17 (1986), pp. 419–421.
5. A. Stabholz, A. Stabholz, S. Friedman, I. Heling and M.N. Sela, Efficiency of different chemical agents in decontamination of gutta-percha cones, Int Endod J 20 (1987), pp. 211–216. Full Text via CrossRef
6. E.J. Neaverth and E.A. Pantera Jr, Chairside disinfection of radiographs, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 71 (1991), pp. 116–119. Abstract | PDF (457 K)
7. G.J. Reams, J.C. Baumgartner and J.C. Kulild, Practical application of infection control in endodontics, J Endod 21 (1995), pp. 281–284. Abstract | PDF (497 K)
8. C.L. Cardoso, C.R. Kotaka, R. Redmerski, M. Guilhermetti and A.F. Queiroz, Rapid decontamination of gutta-percha cones with sodium hypochlorite, J Endod 25 (1999), pp. 498–501. Abstract | PDF (411 K)
9. S.D. Hokett, J.R. Honey, F. Ruiz, M.K. Baisden and M.M. Hoen, Assessing the effectiveness of direct digital radiography barrier sheaths and finger cots, J Am Dent Assoc 131 (2000), pp. 463–467.
10. P.G. da Motta, C.B. de Figueiredo and S.M. Maltos et al., Efficacy of chemical sterilization and storage conditions of gutta-percha cones, Int Endod J 34 (2001), pp. 435–439. Full Text via CrossRef |
11. N. Ozalp, Z. Okte and B. Ozcelik, The rapid sterilization of gutta-percha cones with sodium hypochlorite and gluteraldehyde, J Endod 32 (2006), pp. 1202–1204. Article | PDF (62 K)
12. M.J. Royal, A.E. Williamson and D.R. Drake, Comparison of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, MTAD, and 2% chlorhexidine in the rapid disinfection of polycaprolactone-based root canal filling material, J Endod 33 (2007), pp. 42–44. Article | PDF (257 K)

Microorganisms in Periradicular Lesions

1. E. Shindell, A study of some periapical roentgenolucencies and their significance, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 14 (1961), pp. 1057–1065. Abstract | Article | PDF (619 K)
2. K. Langeland, R.M. Block and L.I. Grossman, A histopathologic and histobacteriologic study of 35 periapical endodontic surgical specimens, J Endod 3 (1977), pp. 8–23. Abstract | PDF (3036 K)
3. L. Tronstad, F. Barnett, K. Riso and J. Slots, Extraradicular endodontic infections, Endod Dent Traumatol 3 (1987), pp. 86–90. Full Text via CrossRef
4. A. Bystrom, R.P. Happonen, U. Sjogren and G. Sundqvist, Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis, Endod Dent Traumatol 3 (1987), pp. 58–63. Full Text via CrossRef
5. L. Tronstad, D. Kreshtool and F. Barnett, Microbiological monitoring and results of treatment of extraradicular endodontic infection, Endod Dent Traumatol 6 (1990), pp. 129–136. Full Text via CrossRef
6. P.N. Nair, U. Sjogren, G. Krey, K.E. Kahnberg and G. Sundqvist, Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study, J Endod 16 (1990), pp. 580–588. Abstract | PDF (17071 K) |
7. L. Tronstad, F. Barnett and F. Cervone, Periapical bacterial plaque in teeth refractory to endodontic treatment, Endod Dent Traumatol 6 (1990), pp. 73–77. Full Text via CrossRef
8. C. Iwu, T.W. MacFarlane, D. MacKenzie and D. Stenhouse, The microbiology of periapical granulomas, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 69 (1990), pp. 502–505. Abstract | PDF (404 K)
9. B.E. Wayman, S.M. Murata, R.J. Almeida and C.B. Fowler, A bacteriological and histological evaluation of 58 periapical lesions, J Endod 18 (1992), pp. 152–155. Abstract | PDF (614 K)
10. R.E. Walton and K. Ardjmand, Histological evaluation of the presence of bacteria in induced periapical lesions in monkeys, J Endod 18 (1992), pp. 216–217.
11. G.V. Vigil, B.E. Wayman, S.E. Dazey, C.B. Fowler and D.V. Bradley Jr, Identification and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from periapical lesions, J Endod 23 (1997), pp. 110–114. Abstract | PDF (515 K)
12. J.F. Siqueira Jr and H.P. Lopes, Bacteria on the apical root surfaces of untreated teeth with periradicular lesions: a scanning electron microscopy study, Int Endod J 34 (2001), pp. 216–220. Full Text via CrossRef
13. P.T. Sunde, I. Olsen, G.J. Debelian and L. Tronstad, Microbiota of periapical lesions refractory to endodontic therapy, J Endod 28 (2002), pp. 304–310. Article | PDF (1299 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
14. D. Ricucci, E.A. Pascon, T.R. Pitt Ford and K. Langeland, Epithelium and bacteria in periapical lesions, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 101 (2006), pp. 239–249. Article | PDF (1463 K)

Biofilms

1. D.A. Spratt, J. Pratten, M. Wilson and K. Gulabivala, An in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates, Int Endod J 34 (2001), pp. 300–307. Full Text via CrossRef
2. J.W. Distel, J.F. Hatton and M.J. Gillespie, Biofilm formation in medicated root canals, J Endod 28 (2002), pp. 689–693. Article | PDF (711 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
3. M.R. Leonardo, M.A. Rossi, L.A. Silva, I.Y. Ito and K.C. Bonifacio, EM evaluation of bacterial biofilm and microorganisms on the apical external root surface of human teeth, J Endod 28 (2002), pp. 815–818. Article | PDF (946 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
4. G. Svensater and G. Bergenholtz, Biofilms in endodontic infections, Endod Topics 9 (2004), pp. 27–36. Full Text via CrossRef
5. M.S. Clegg, F.J. Vertucci, C. Walker, M. Belanger and L.R. Britto, The effect of exposure to irrigant solutions on apical dentin biofilms in vitro, J Endod 32 (2006), pp. 434–437. Article | PDF (306 K)
6. S. George, A. Kishen and K.P. Song, The role of environmental changes on monospecies biofilm formation on root canal wall by Enterococcus faecalis, J Endod 31 (2005), pp. 867–872. Article | PDF (1892 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
7. T.R. Dunavant, J.D. Regan, G.N. Glickman, E.S. Solomon and A.L. Honeyman, Comparative evaluation of endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms, J Endod 32 (2006), pp. 527–531. Article | PDF (158 K)
8. L. Chavez de Paz, Redefining the persistent infection in root canals: possible role of biofilm communities, J Endod 33 (2007), pp. 652–662.
9. J.M. Duggan and C.M. Sedgley, Biofilm formation of oral endodontic Enterococcus faecalis, J Endod 33 (2007), pp. 815–818. Article | PDF (252 K)

Fungi, Viruses, and Prions

1. J.C. Baumgartner, C.M. Watts and T. Xia, Occurrence of Candida albicans in infections of endodontic origin, J Endod 26 (2000), pp. 695–698. Article | PDF (914 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
2. P. Khongkhunthian and P.A. Reichart, Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus as a complication of overfilling root canal material into the sinus: report of two cases, J Endod 27 (2001), pp. 476–478. Article | PDF (359 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
3. J.F. Siqueira Jr, I.N. Rocas, H.P. Lopes, C.N. Elias and M. de Uzeda, Fungal infection of the radicular dentin, J Endod 28 (2002), pp. 770–773. Article | PDF (793 K)
4. M. Sabeti, J.H. Simon and J. Slots, Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus active infection in periapical lesions of teeth with intact crowns, J Endod 29 (2003), pp. 321–323. Article | PDF (386 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
5. J. Slots, M. Sabeti and J.H. Simon, Herpesvirusus in periapical pathosis: an etiopathogenic relationship?, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 96 (2003), pp. 327–331. Article | PDF (170 K)
6. M. Sabeti, J.H. Simon and J. Slots, Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus are associated with symptomatic periapical pathosis, Oral Microbiol Immunol 18 (2003), pp. 327–328. Full Text via CrossRef
7. S.R. Porter, Prion disease: possible implications for oral health care, J Am Dent Assoc 134 (2003), pp. 1486–1491
8. M. Sabeti and J. Slots, Herpesviral-bacterial coinfection in periapical pathosis, J Endod 30 (2004), pp. 69–72. Article | PDF (65 K) | Full Text via CrossRef
9. J. Slots, H. Nowzari and M. Sabeti, Cytomegalovirus infection in symptomatic periapical pathosis, Int Endod J 37 (2004), pp. 519–524. Full Text via CrossRef
10. T.M.T. Waltimo, M. Haapasalo, M. Zehnder and J. Meyer, Clinical aspects related to endodontic yeast infections, Endod Topics 9 (2004), pp. 66–78. Full Text via CrossRef
11. M. Mensi, S. Salgarello, G. Pinsi and M. Piccioni, Mycetoma of the maxillary sinus: endodontic and microbiological correlations, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 98 (2004), pp. 119–123. Article | PDF (275 K)
12. B.T. Quesnell, M. Alves, R.W. Hawkinson, B.R. Johnson, C.S. Wenckus and E.A. BeGole, The effect of human immunodeficiency virus on endodontic treatment outcome, J Endod 31 (2005), pp. 633–636. Article | PDF (80 K)L.
13. Giardino, F. Pontieri, E. Savoldi and F. Tallarigo, Aspergillus mycetoma of the maxillary sinus secondary to overfilling of a root canal, J Endod 32 (2006), pp. 692–694. Article | PDF (348 K)
14. K. Schneider, Y. Korkmaz, K. Addicks, H. Lang and W.H. Raab, Prion protein (PrP) in human teeth: an unprecedented pointer to PrP's function, J Endod 33 (2007), pp. 110–113. Article | PDF (971 K
15. D. Sonntag and O.A. Peters, Effect of prion decontamination protocols on nickel-titanium rotary surfaces, J Endod 33 (2007), pp. 442–446. Article | PDF (735 K)

 

JOE Editorial Board. Microbiology in Endodontics: An Online Study Guide. JOE may 2008;34(5-1):e151-e164 . Disponible en http://www.sciencedirect.com